加密算法实例

MD5算法
MD5 用的是哈希函数，它的典型应用是对一段信息产生信息摘要，以防止被篡改。严格来说，MD5 不是一种加密算法而是摘要算法。无论是多长的输入，MD5 都会输出长度为 128bits 的一个串 (通常用 16 进制表示为 32 个字符)。

public static final byte[] computeMD5(byte[] content) {
    try {
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        return md5.digest(content);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}

SHA1算法
SHA1 是和 MD5 一样流行的消息摘要算法，然而 SHA1 比 MD5 的安全性更强。对于长度小于 2 ^ 64 位的消息，SHA1 会产生一个 160 位的消息摘要。基于 MD5、SHA1 的信息摘要特性以及不可逆 (一般而言)，可以被应用在检查文件完整性以及数字签名等场景。

public static byte[] computeSHA1(byte[] content) {
    try {
        MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
        return sha1.digest(content);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}

HMAC算法
HMAC 是密钥相关的哈希运算消息认证码（Hash-based Message Authentication Code），HMAC 运算利用哈希算法 (MD5、SHA1 等)，以一个密钥和一个消息为输入，生成一个消息摘要作为输出。

HMAC 发送方和接收方都有的 key 进行计算，而没有这把 key 的第三方，则是无法计算出正确的散列值的，这样就可以防止数据被篡改。

package net.pocrd.util;
import net.pocrd.annotation.NotThreadSafe;
import net.pocrd.define.ConstField;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Arrays;


@NotThreadSafe
public class HMacHelper {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HMacHelper.class);
    private Mac mac;

    /**
     * MAC算法可选以下多种算法
     * HmacMD5/HmacSHA1/HmacSHA256/HmacSHA384/HmacSHA512
     */
    private static final String KEY_MAC = "HmacMD5";
    public HMacHelper(String key) {
        try {
            SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(ConstField.UTF8), KEY_MAC);
            mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
            mac.init(secretKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("create hmac helper failed.", e);
        }
    }
    public byte[] sign(byte[] content) {
        return mac.doFinal(content);
    }

    public boolean verify(byte[] signature, byte[] content) {
        try {
            byte[] result = mac.doFinal(content);
            return Arrays.equals(signature, result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("verify sig failed.", e);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

测试结论：HMAC 算法实例在多线程环境下是不安全的。但是需要在多线程访问时，进行同步的辅助类，使用 ThreadLocal 为每个线程缓存一个实例可以避免进行锁操作。

AES/DES/3DES算法
AES、DES、3DES 都是对称的块加密算法，加解密的过程是可逆的。常用的有 AES128、AES192、AES256 (默认安装的 JDK 尚不支持 AES256，需要安装对应的 jce 补丁进行升级 jce1.7，jce1.8)。

DES算法
DES 加密算法是一种分组密码，以 64 位为分组对数据加密，它的密钥长度是 56 位，加密解密用同一算法。

DES 加密算法是对密钥进行保密，而公开算法，包括加密和解密算法。这样，只有掌握了和发送方相同密钥的人才能解读由 DES加密算法加密的密文数据。因此，破译 DES 加密算法实际上就是搜索密钥的编码。对于 56 位长度的密钥来说，如果用穷举法来进行搜索的话，其运算次数为 2 ^ 56 次。

3DES算法
是基于 DES 的对称算法，对一块数据用三个不同的密钥进行三次加密，强度更高。
AES算法
AES 加密算法是密码学中的高级加密标准，该加密算法采用对称分组密码体制，密钥长度的最少支持为 128 位、 192 位、256 位，分组长度 128 位，算法应易于各种硬件和软件实现。这种加密算法是美国联邦政府采用的区块加密标准。

AES 本身就是为了取代 DES 的，AES 具有更好的安全性、效率和灵活性。

import net.pocrd.annotation.NotThreadSafe;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

@NotThreadSafe
public class AesHelper {
    private SecretKeySpec keySpec;
    private IvParameterSpec iv;

    public AesHelper(byte[] aesKey, byte[] iv) {
        if (aesKey == null || aesKey.length < 16 || (iv != null && iv.length < 16)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("错误的初始密钥");
        }
        if (iv == null) {
            iv = Md5Util.compute(aesKey);
        }
        keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
        this.iv = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
    }

    public AesHelper(byte[] aesKey) {
        if (aesKey == null || aesKey.length < 16) {
            throw new RuntimeException("错误的初始密钥");
        }
        keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
        this.iv = new IvParameterSpec(Md5Util.compute(aesKey));
    }

    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data) {
        byte[] result = null;
        Cipher cipher = null;
        try {
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB/NoPadding");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
            result = cipher.doFinal(data);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] secret) {
        byte[] result = null;
        Cipher cipher = null;
        try {
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB/NoPadding");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
            result = cipher.doFinal(secret);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static byte[] randomKey(int size) {
        byte[] result = null;
        try {
            KeyGenerator gen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            gen.init(size, new SecureRandom());
            result = gen.generateKey().getEncoded();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

RSA算法
RSA 加密算法是目前最有影响力的公钥加密算法，并且被普遍认为是目前最优秀的公钥方案之一。RSA 是第一个能同时用于加密和数字签名的算法，它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的所有密码攻击，已被 ISO 推荐为公钥数据加密标准。

RSA 加密算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实：将两个大素数相乘十分容易，但想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难，因此可以将乘积公开作为加密密钥。

import net.pocrd.annotation.NotThreadSafe;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

@NotThreadSafe
public class RsaHelper {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RsaHelper.class);
    private RSAPublicKey publicKey;
    private RSAPrivateCrtKey privateKey;

    static {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //使用bouncycastle作为加密算法实现
    }

    public RsaHelper(String publicKey, String privateKey) {
        this(Base64Util.decode(publicKey), Base64Util.decode(privateKey));
    }

    public RsaHelper(byte[] publicKey, byte[] privateKey) {
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            if (publicKey != null && publicKey.length > 0) {
                this.publicKey = (RSAPublicKey)keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey));
            }
            if (privateKey != null && privateKey.length > 0) {
                this.privateKey = (RSAPrivateCrtKey)keyFactory.generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public RsaHelper(String publicKey) {
        this(Base64Util.decode(publicKey));
    }

    public RsaHelper(byte[] publicKey) {
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            if (publicKey != null && publicKey.length > 0) {
                this.publicKey = (RSAPublicKey)keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] content) {
        if (publicKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("public key is null.");
        }

        if (content == null) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            int size = publicKey.getModulus().bitLength() / 8 - 11;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream((content.length + size - 1) / size * (size + 11));
            int left = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < content.length; ) {
                left = content.length - i;
                if (left > size) {
                    cipher.update(content, i, size);
                    i += size;
                } else {
                    cipher.update(content, i, left);
                    i += left;
                }
                baos.write(cipher.doFinal());
            }
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] secret) {
        if (privateKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("private key is null.");
        }

        if (secret == null) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            int size = privateKey.getModulus().bitLength() / 8;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream((secret.length + size - 12) / (size - 11) * size);
            int left = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < secret.length; ) {
                left = secret.length - i;
                if (left > size) {
                    cipher.update(secret, i, size);
                    i += size;
                } else {
                    cipher.update(secret, i, left);
                    i += left;
                }
                baos.write(cipher.doFinal());
            }
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("rsa decrypt failed.", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public byte[] sign(byte[] content) {
        if (privateKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("private key is null.");
        }
        if (content == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
            signature.initSign(privateKey);
            signature.update(content);
            return signature.sign();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean verify(byte[] sign, byte[] content) {
        if (publicKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("public key is null.");
        }
        if (sign == null || content == null) {
            return false;
        }
        try {
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
            signature.initVerify(publicKey);
            signature.update(content);
            return signature.verify(sign);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("rsa verify failed.", e);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

ECC算法
ECC 也是一种非对称加密算法，主要优势是在某些情况下，它比其他的方法使用更小的密钥，比如 RSA 加密算法，提供相当的或更高等级的安全级别。不过一个缺点是加密和解密操作的实现比其他机制时间长 (相比 RSA 算法，该算法对 CPU 消耗严重)。

import net.pocrd.annotation.NotThreadSafe;
import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.ec.BCECPrivateKey;
import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.ec.BCECPublicKey;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

@NotThreadSafe
public class EccHelper {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EccHelper.class);
    private static final int SIZE = 4096;
    private BCECPublicKey  publicKey;
    private BCECPrivateKey privateKey;

    static {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
    }

    public EccHelper(String publicKey, String privateKey) {
        this(Base64Util.decode(publicKey), Base64Util.decode(privateKey));
    }

    public EccHelper(byte[] publicKey, byte[] privateKey) {
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("EC", "BC");
            if (publicKey != null && publicKey.length > 0) {
                this.publicKey = (BCECPublicKey)keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey));
            }
            if (privateKey != null && privateKey.length > 0) {
                this.privateKey = (BCECPrivateKey)keyFactory.generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey));
            }
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("", e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public EccHelper(String publicKey) {
        this(Base64Util.decode(publicKey));
    }

    public EccHelper(byte[] publicKey) {
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("EC", "BC");
            if (publicKey != null && publicKey.length > 0) {
                this.publicKey = (BCECPublicKey)keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] content) {
        if (publicKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("public key is null.");
        }
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("ECIES", "BC");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            int size = SIZE;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream((content.length + size - 1) / size * (size + 45));
            int left = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < content.length; ) {
                left = content.length - i;
                if (left > size) {
                    cipher.update(content, i, size);
                    i += size;
                } else {
                    cipher.update(content, i, left);
                    i += left;
                }
                baos.write(cipher.doFinal());
            }
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] secret) {
        if (privateKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("private key is null.");
        }
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("ECIES", "BC");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            int size = SIZE + 45;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream((secret.length + size + 44) / (size + 45) * size);
            int left = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < secret.length; ) {
                left = secret.length - i;
                if (left > size) {
                    cipher.update(secret, i, size);
                    i += size;
                } else {
                    cipher.update(secret, i, left);
                    i += left;
                }
                baos.write(cipher.doFinal());
            }
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("ecc decrypt failed.", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public byte[] sign(byte[] content) {
        if (privateKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("private key is null.");
        }
        try {
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withECDSA", "BC");
            signature.initSign(privateKey);
            signature.update(content);
            return signature.sign();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean verify(byte[] sign, byte[] content) {
        if (publicKey == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("public key is null.");
        }
        try {
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withECDSA", "BC");
            signature.initVerify(publicKey);
            signature.update(content);
            return signature.verify(sign);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("ecc verify failed.", e);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

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加密算法实例

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